Physics you can compute: motion, energy, matter & waves.
Free-fall timing, F = ma, SUVAT kinematics, kinetic energy, wattage, heat flow, density, and wave speed — the equations of the physical world, solved as you type.
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All 220 science calculators, A-Z
Filter by name, or open a topic to see what's inside. Every tool in this category is listed here.
Astrophysics · 13
Biology · 27
Chemistry · 58
Electromagnetism · 13
Materials · 18
Matter & Waves · 38
Mechanics · 29
Thermodynamics · 12
Hand-picked starters.
Motion, force, and the equations behind them.
Free-fall timing, Newton's second law, SUVAT kinematics, and velocity — solve for any variable in the equations of motion, instantly.
Free Fall Calculator
Drag the drop height — fall time and impact speed update live from t = √(2h/g).
Force Calculator
Solve F = ma for force, mass, or acceleration — newtons, pounds-force, and g-units converted automatically.
F = m · asolve any variableJoules, watts, and where the energy goes.
Kinetic and potential energy, mechanical and electrical power, and the heat equation — with the unit conversions handled for you.
Standard gravity — the g inside every potential-energy and free-fall result.
Energy & Work Calculator
Drag mass and speed — kinetic energy updates live from KE = ½mv², with the v² scaling shown on the bars.
Power Calculator
Mechanical or electrical power in watts — from work and time, force and velocity, or volts and amps.
P = W / twatts, hp & kWWhat things are made of, and how they move through it.
Density and sink-or-float math on one side, the wave equation on the other — matter and the signals that travel through it.
Density Calculator
Drag mass and volume — density lands on the material trail and the widget tells you whether it floats in water.
Wave & Frequency Calculator
Frequency, wavelength, period, or speed — solve v = f × λ for sound, light, and water waves.
v = f × λany wave, any variableFrom population genetics to the bench protocol.
Inheritance and allele frequencies, population growth and carrying capacity, plus the everyday lab maths of dilutions, primer design, nucleic-acid quantitation and enzyme kinetics.
Moles, molarity, and the maths behind the reaction.
Stoichiometry and yield, gas laws, solution concentration and dilution, acid–base and buffer chemistry, thermodynamics of reactions, and electrochemistry.
pH Calculator
Slide the pH — hydrogen-ion concentration and pOH follow from pH = −log₁₀[H⁺].
Titration Calculator
Find an unknown concentration from titrant volume and molarity at the endpoint.
M₁V₁ = M₂V₂solve for any termFields, circuits, and what the meter will read.
Electric and magnetic fields, capacitance and inductance, RC and RLC behaviour, resonance, reactance, and the power-factor maths behind AC circuits.
Heat in, work out, and the efficiency you actually get.
Entropy and enthalpy, Gibbs free energy, Carnot and coefficient-of-performance limits, heat transfer, and the phase-change relationships that bound any thermal system.
Carnot Efficiency Calculator
The best efficiency any heat engine can reach between two temperatures: η = 1 − Tc/Th.
Specific Heat Calculator
Energy needed to change a mass by a temperature difference, via q = mcΔT.
q = m·c·ΔTsolve any variableHow much load before it yields.
Stress and strain, elastic and shear moduli, Poisson’s ratio, torsion and hoop stress, Mohr’s circle, hardness, and the factor of safety that decides whether a part is sized right.
What the air is actually doing.
Heat index and wind chill, dew point and relative humidity, wet-bulb temperature, air density and density altitude — the numbers behind comfort, safety and aircraft performance.
Heat Index Calculator
Air temperature plus humidity, run through the NWS Rothfusz regression for a feels-like reading.
Dew Point Calculator
The temperature air must cool to before moisture condenses out of it.
Td from T + RHMagnus approximationOrbits, starlight, and the limits of spacetime.
Orbital and escape velocity, transfer manoeuvres and thrust-to-weight, parallax and luminosity, redshift, plus time dilation, length contraction and the Schwarzschild radius.
The physics vocabulary, decoded.
Every definition links to the calculator that puts the term to work. Browse the full glossary →
t = √(2h / g) · v = g · tFree-fall time and impact speed from drop height — vacuum kinematics with g = 9.80665 m/s².KE = ½ · m · v²Kinetic energy grows with the square of speed — double the speed, quadruple the energy.ρ = m / V · v = f × λDensity (below 1,000 kg/m³ floats in water) and the wave equation tying speed, frequency, and wavelength.Frequently asked questions
What value of gravity do the calculators use?
Standard gravity: g = 9.80665 m/s² (32.174 ft/s²), the internationally agreed reference value. Real local gravity varies by about ±0.3% with latitude and altitude — negligible for everyday problems, which is why textbooks and these tools use the standard constant.
Do the free-fall results include air resistance?
No — the quick solver and the calculator's default mode use ideal (vacuum) kinematics: t = √(2h/g). For compact, dense objects over short drops the error is small, but light or draggy objects approach a terminal velocity and fall slower than the ideal prediction. The full Free Fall Calculator explains when the vacuum model stops being a good approximation.
Can I solve for any variable, not just the usual one?
Yes. The mechanics tools are solve-for calculators: enter any two of force, mass, and acceleration and the Force Calculator returns the third; the Kinematics Calculator solves SUVAT for velocity, acceleration, distance, or time; the Wave Calculator rearranges v = f × λ for whichever variable you leave blank.
Why does kinetic energy quadruple when speed only doubles?
Because KE = ½mv² depends on the square of speed. At 2× the speed, v² is 4× as large, so the energy — and roughly the braking distance needed to shed it — is 4× as large. The Energy & Work widget's bar chart shows this scaling live as you drag the speed slider.
What units do the science calculators work in?
SI units are the default — meters, kilograms, seconds, newtons, joules, watts — because the physics formulas are cleanest there. Every calculator also converts to and from common US units (feet, pounds, mph, horsepower, BTU) so you can enter what you have and read out what you need.
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